Bipolar disorder is a complex and often misunderstood mental health condition. It affects millions of people worldwide, yet misconceptions abound. As a family member or friend, understanding bipolar disorder can help you provide the necessary support and empathy to your loved ones affected by this condition. This article will discuss the causes, symptoms, types, treatment options and how you can help someone with bipolar disorder.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings. These mood swings include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). The intensity of these episodes can vary greatly from person to person.
What causes bipolar disorder?
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute. Genetics play a significant role, as the condition tends to run in families. Other potential causes include:
- Brain Structure and Function: Abnormalities in the brain’s structure or function may increase the risk.
- Environmental Factors: Stress, traumatic events and significant life changes can trigger or exacerbate symptoms.
- Chemical Imbalances: Neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain may also be a factor.
What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder symptoms vary depending on the type of mood episode.
Symptoms of mania or hypomania
- Increased energy, activity, or restlessness
- Euphoric or overly irritable mood
- Rapid speech or racing thoughts
- Decreased need for sleep
- Impulsive or reckless behavior
Symptoms of depression
- Persistent sad or empty mood
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Fatigue or decreased energy
- Difficulty concentrating
- Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
Types of Bipolar Disorder
There are several types of bipolar disorder, each defined by the pattern and severity of mood episodes.
Bipolar I Disorder
This type involves manic episodes lasting at least seven days or manic symptoms that are severe enough to require immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes often occur as well, typically lasting at least two weeks.
Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar II is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than full-blown manic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Cyclothymia involves numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.
Does Bipolar Disorder Go Away?
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but with proper treatment, your loved one can manage their symptoms. It doesn’t simply go away, but ongoing treatment can help control mood swings and other symptoms.
How to Treat Bipolar Disorder
Treatment for bipolar disorder often involves a combination of medication, therapy and lifestyle changes.
Medication
Medications such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and antidepressants can help control symptoms. It’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to find the right medication and dosage.
Psychotherapy
Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be an effective part of treatment. Therapy can help manage stress, identify triggers and develop coping strategies.
Lifestyle changes
Regular exercise, a healthy diet and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule can help manage symptoms. Avoiding alcohol and drugs is also crucial, as they can exacerbate mood swings.
How Common is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is relatively common, affecting approximately 2.8% of the U.S. adult population in any given year. It’s important to note that the condition affects those from all walks of life, regardless of age, gender or background.
How to Help Someone with Bipolar Disorder
Supporting a loved one with bipolar disorder can be challenging, but your understanding and empathy can make a significant difference.
Educate yourself
Learn as much as you can about bipolar disorder. Understanding the condition can help you communicate effectively with your loved one and provide informed support.
Encourage treatment
Gently encourage your loved one to seek professional help and adhere to their treatment plan. Offer to assist with scheduling appointments or provide transportation if needed.
Be supportive
Listen without judgment and offer emotional support. Remind them that you care and are there to help.
Set boundaries
While it’s important to be supportive, it’s also essential to set healthy boundaries. Make sure you’re taking care of your own mental health and seek support if needed.
Get Help for Your Mental Health
Understanding bipolar disorder is crucial for family friends who want to offer meaningful support to their loved ones. By learning about the causes, symptoms and treatment options, you can help create a supportive environment that encourages recovery and well-being. If you or someone you love is struggling with their mental health and needs professional help, call Beaumont Behavioral Health at 313-631-4872 to talk to someone on our admissions team about what program may be right for you.
Beaumont Behavioral Health
Beaumont Behavioral Health is a comprehensive, patient-centered treatment facility that offers hope and healing. We provide a continuum of patient behavioral health services across the entire patient population, which includes specialty programs that services adolescents, adults and older adults. We also perform behavioral health assessments 24 hours a day.
Some of our services include our adult programs, which feature individualized treatment planning to target the specific needs of each patient. Our other programs include our adolescents program, which specializes in age-appropriate care for adolescents, ages 12 to 17. We focus on their unique emotional, developmental and behavioral needs at this critical point in their lives.
We’re located in Dearborn, MI, where we offer a caring environment. To schedule a no-cost assessment or for more information, please call 313-631-4872.